The Implementation of Positive Reinforcement in Improving Reading and Writing Learning Behavior among Slow Learner Children Aged 5–7 Years

Abstract

Slow learners have learning abilities that are below the average level of their peers, requiring appropriate instructional strategies to improve their reading and writing skills. One strategy that has been widely applied is positive reinforcement, which aims to encourage desirable learning behaviors through positive rewards. This study aimed to analyze the effect of positive reinforcement on the reading and writing learning behaviors of slow learners aged 5–7 years. This research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by analyzing 10 scientific articles published between 2022 and 2025, which were obtained through Google Scholar and relevant national journals. The research process included article identification, selection based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction, and descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that positive reinforcement effectively improves learning motivation, attention, self-confidence, active participation, and reading and writing skills among slow learners. The effectiveness of this strategy is influenced by the consistency of reinforcement, the use of appropriate learning media, and collaboration between teachers and parents. Therefore, positive reinforcement can be considered an effective instructional strategy to support the development of reading and writing learning behaviors in slow learners aged 5–7 years.