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EFEKTIVITAS OLAHRAGA PADA PENINGKATAN EXECUTIVE FUNCTION PADA LANSIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Jumlah populasi lansia secara global tumbuh lebih cepat dibandingkan populasi usia muda, menghadirkan tantangan kesehatan seperti penurunan fungsi eksekutif yang penting untuk kemampuan kognitif seperti perencanaan dan pengambilan keputusan. Olahraga potensial sebagai intervensi untuk meningkatkan fungsi eksekutif pada lansia. Penelitian ini adalah systematic literature review yang menganalisis efektivitas olahraga terhadap fungsi eksekutif pada lansia. Analisis ini melibatkan 12 artikel penelitian eksperimen yang menyajikan hubungan objektif latihan olahraga terhadap setidaknya satu fungsi eksekutif, melibatkan partisipan berusia di atas 55 tahun, menggambarkan jenis latihan yang dilakukan, menjelaskan apakah latihan tersebut dikombinasikan dengan latihan lain, menggambarkan partisipan sebagai populasi sehat atau klinis, serta menyediakan pengukuran kuantitatif yang didukung metodologi statistik. Penelitian yang dikecualikan adalah yang tidak menggunakan kontrol, menggunakan laporan kualitatif atau spekulatif, latihan yang dilakukan tidak termasuk jenis olahraga, serta penelitian review dan meta-analisis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa olahraga meningkatkan fungsi eksekutif pada lansia. Jenis olahraga seperti Baduanjin, mild exercise, square dance, HIIT, aerobik kontinu, latihan kekuatan, Otago, exergame, bersepeda, kardio, stretching toning, Tai Chi, latihan fisik dan kognitif, mind-body exercise, serta olahraga beregu dan sendiri memberikan hasil signifikan. Program olahraga yang terstruktur dan teratur direkomendasikan untuk menjaga serta meningkatkan kemampuan perencanaan, pengambilan keputusan, dan kontrol diri pada lansia.
ABSTRACT
The global population of older adults is growing faster than the younger population, presenting health challenges such as declines in executive function, which is crucial for cognitive abilities like planning and decision-making. Exercise is a potential intervention for improving executive function in older adults. This study is a systematic literature review analyzing the effectiveness of exercise on executive function in older adults. The review includes 12 experimental research articles that objectively present the relationship between various forms of exercise and at least one executive function, involving participants over the age of 55, clearly describing the types of exercise performed, indicating whether exercises were combined with other activities, characterizing participants as either healthy or clinical populations, and providing quantitative measurements supported by statistical methodologies. Excluded studies were those lacking control, using qualitative or speculative reports, including activities not categorized as exercise, and review or meta-analysis studies. The analysis indicates that exercise improves executive function in older adults. Types of exercise such as Baduanjin, mild exercise, square dance, HIIT, continuous aerobics, strength training, Otago, exergame, cycling, cardio, stretching toning, Tai Chi, physical and cognitive exercises, mind-body exercise, and both individual and group activities show significant results. Structured and regular exercise programs are recommended to maintain and enhance planning, decision-making, and self-control abilities in older adults.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36269/psyche.v6i2.2608
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