AKSI KOLEKTIF PADA GERAKAN SOSIAL: SEBUAH PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGI

Akhmad Saputra Syarif; Rizka Halida

doi:10.36269/psyche.v7i1.2783

AKSI KOLEKTIF PADA GERAKAN SOSIAL: SEBUAH PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGI

Akhmad Saputra Syarif, Rizka Halida

Abstract

Penelitian ini berusaha untuk menutupi banyak kekurangan pada tinjauan perkembangan studi aksi kolektif. Sejak 2007, tidak banyak studi terutama di Indonesia yang memberikan gambaran masif tentang aksi kolektif. Padahal pada tahun-tahun setelahnya kehidupan manusia mengalami perkembangan yang pesat, terutama dengan keberadaan dunia maya. Aksi kolektif di keseharian juga mengalami perkembangan seperti munculnya digital activism, orang-orang lebih menyukai berdonasi dibandingkan aksi protes atau para pria berkelompok untuk mendukung feminimisme. Perubahan aksi kolektif baik secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif ini perlu ditunjang dengan studi yang membahas perkembangan aksi kolektif dalam berbagai perspektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi systematic literature review (SLR). Jangkauan studi yang sangat luas dari 1984 sampai 2024 menawarkan wawasan historis sekaligus kontemporer tentang evolusi aksi kolektif. Hasil yang ditemukan mencakup definisi aksi kolektif yang selama ini dipakai oleh Wright et al., (1990) tidak dianggap cukup mampu untuk menjelaskan perubahan aksi kolektif saat ini. Selain itu, antesenden dari aksi kolektif mengalami perkembangan bukan saja relative deprivation yang selama ini banyak dipercayai. Pengukuran aksi kolektif memerlukan pertimbangan lebih lanjut agar dapat mewakili berbagai ideologi. Individu dimungkinkan tidak melakukan aksi kolektif bukan karena tidak tergerak oleh muatan yang dibawanya namun lebih ketidaksesuaian dengan bentuk dari aksi kolektif tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap literatur aksi kolektif, terutama di era modern yang semakin kompleks dan terhubung secara global.

Keywords

aksi kolektif; gerakan sosial; protes sosial

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36269/psyche.v7i1.2783